Canine Influenza

Recently, the staff and doctors at Twin Maples Veterinary Hospital have been asked questions about canine influenza, a new viral respiratory infection resembling "kennel cough". Internet chat groups and more recently major media outlets have been reporting information about this new disease, some factual and some rather exaggerated.  The following information may help you better understand the illness, and your pet’s risk from it.

Influenza A virus in dogs, or Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) was first identified in racing greyhounds in Florida in 2004.  The virus has been shown to have arisen from an influenza virus of horses that has become infectious for dogs. The virus infects only dogs; people are immune. Over the past few years, CIV has continued to spread across the United States. The disease has become more prevalent in some areas of the country than others. Thus far, very few cases have been confirmed in Ohio.  The Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center web site provides state-by-state statistics: http://www.diaglab.vet.cornell.edu/issues/civ-stat.asp

Symptoms in most dogs will be similar to other viruses and bacteria causing what is common referred to as "kennel cough". Dogs infected with canine influenza can present with a harsh cough and may also present with a thick nasal discharge and fever. The great majority of dogs, 80% or better will have mild to moderate infections. Because it is a new virus to dogs it is highly contagious, and pet owners are advised to avoid bringing their dogs into contact with symptomatic individuals. Opportunity for exposure is highest in environments in which dogs are exposed to one another such as shelters, dog shows, and kennels.

As with human influenza outbreaks, the very young, very old, and weak can be affected with more severe symptoms including pneumonia. Mortality appears to be low, current estimates are from 1-10 percent.

Pets with symptoms should be isolated from other dogs, and should be examined and treated by your veterinarian. Most dogs will respond well to treatment. The disease can be definitively diagnosed by blood test.

A vaccination for Canine Influenza has been introduced.  The vaccine will generally reduce severity of symptoms, but may not prevent infection or spread of virus.  At this time, Twin Maples Veterinary Hospital is not recommending this vaccination unless your dog is at high risk of contracting the virus.  Dogs that travel widely to dog shows, or that board frequently could be considered for vaccination.    The vaccine must be given in two doses, 2-4 weeks apart, and the patient is not protected until at least 10 days after the second vaccine.  Thus clients must plan so that their dog begins vaccination 4-6 weeks prior to possible exposure.

Owners should be reassured that most dogs are safe because they are not exposed to other, infected dogs. If you are concerned that your pet may be infected, please call us for an appointment at 937-866-5949.